[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/podnikani-a-financni-operace-ve-stredoveku\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/podnikani-a-financni-operace-ve-stredoveku\/","headline":"Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed operace ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","name":"Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed operace ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","description":"I finan\u010dn\u00ed operace ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bly sv\u00e9 jasn\u011b dan\u00e9 pravidla. I kdy\u017e ne\u0161lo o klasick\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me dnes, p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz a finan\u010dn\u00ed obchody prob\u00edhaly zcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak to fungovalo? St\u0159edov\u011bk byl velmi zaj\u00edmavou dobou a u\u017e tehdy se za\u010dalo rozv\u00edjet bankovnictv\u00ed a obchod. Spr\u00e1va financ\u00ed, z\u00e1stava nemovitost\u00ed,","datePublished":"2019-08-27","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06eaac2906ebd8f5abb4917f3140de1503ec690466d6a69c4ec202bf5b15537c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06eaac2906ebd8f5abb4917f3140de1503ec690466d6a69c4ec202bf5b15537c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bahen.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a352303_w3021_t1566851394.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a352303_w3021_t1566851394.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/podnikani-a-financni-operace-ve-stredoveku\/","about":["Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":443,"articleBody":"I finan\u010dn\u00ed operace ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bly sv\u00e9 jasn\u011b dan\u00e9 pravidla. I kdy\u017e ne\u0161lo o klasick\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me dnes, p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz a finan\u010dn\u00ed obchody prob\u00edhaly zcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak to fungovalo? St\u0159edov\u011bk byl velmi zaj\u00edmavou dobou a u\u017e tehdy se za\u010dalo rozv\u00edjet bankovnictv\u00ed a obchod.\tSpr\u00e1va financ\u00ed, z\u00e1stava nemovitost\u00ed, \u00fav\u011bry i podnik\u00e1n\u00edVe st\u0159edov\u011bku byla v Evrop\u011b nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejbohat\u0161\u00ed organizac\u00ed c\u00edrkev. Katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev byla p\u0159edstavov\u00e1na takzvan\u00fdm Svat\u00fdm stolcem. Pape\u017esk\u00e1 kurie m\u011bla bohat\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy a z\u00edsk\u00e1vala je z p\u016fdy, od m\u011bst a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm des\u00e1tk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vyb\u00edralo v\u0161ude. Stejn\u011b jako dne\u0161n\u00ed dan\u011b, kter\u00e9 plat\u00edme st\u00e1tu. Des\u00e1tek slou\u017eil k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivobyt\u00ed pro duchovn\u00ed, na opravy kostel\u016f a \u010d\u00e1st \u0161la tak\u00e9 na pomoc chud\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm. Jen\u017ee s pen\u011bzi to nen\u00ed v\u017edy jednoduch\u00e9, co\u017e zn\u00e1me i my dnes. Sv\u00e9 slovo tak od 13. stolet\u00ed dostali st\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed bank\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1hali se spr\u00e1vou financ\u00ed. A proto\u017ee bylo pen\u011b\u017e po\u0159\u00e1d zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce, musely se zajistit nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z placen\u00fdch odpustk\u016f.Prvn\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 obchody se objevily ve 14. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy se jim \u0159\u00edkalo renty. A jednalo se a jakousi \u00fav\u011brovou operaci. Ten kdo prod\u00e1val rentu, byl vlastn\u00edkem nemovitosti, ta poskytovala kupci renty kapit\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se vztahoval k dan\u00e9 nemovitosti. P\u0159\u00edjemce renty se tak vlastn\u011b zav\u00e1zal, \u017ee bude vlastn\u00edk\u016fm nemovitosti – a to i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm d\u011bdic\u016fm, ro\u010dn\u011b platit rentu. Ta p\u0159edstavovala pod\u00edl k dan\u00e9mu kapit\u00e1lu.Kdy\u017e si cht\u011bl n\u011bkdo p\u016fj\u010dit pen\u00edze, ale nevlastnil \u017e\u00e1dnou nemovitost, byla poskytnut\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zaps\u00e1na do soudn\u00edch knih u rycht\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho soudu. Ze strany v\u011b\u0159itele to bylo velice v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nespl\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u011bl pr\u00e1vo na v\u0161echen zabaven\u00fd majetek. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bky byly term\u00edny pro spl\u00e1cen\u00ed ur\u010deny na c\u00edrkevn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky nebo kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed lh\u016fty.Takov\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed pak nebylo ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 proch\u00e1zka r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdm sadem. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozbou pro podnikatele p\u0159edstavovali vedle slo\u017eit\u00fdch p\u016fj\u010dek i n\u00e1jezdy loupe\u017en\u00edk\u016f. A to hned jednoho odrad\u00ed, co mysl\u00edte?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.6\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed operace ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","item":"https:\/\/www.bahen.cz\/podnikani-a-financni-operace-ve-stredoveku\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]